Graffiti and political sarcasm as tools for political participation in Egypt

Social media have provided space for citizens to comment on and criticize the policies during the time of troubles. Considering the growing importance of social media, many scholars have argued that 2010-2011 revolutions that took place in Southern neighborhood countries, including Egypt, were mainly a result of online campaigns organized to mobilize people. Others, however, warned about overestimating the capacities of online media. 

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The key question is therefore if and to what extent social media has contributed to mobilising citizens of Tunisia and Egypt. Social movement literature on the effects of online activism considers it as a key driver for creating a sense of shared identity and for mobilising to action by making activism more appealing, in particular to youths, through the use of diverse tactics, such as political sarcasm...